Optic Neuritis

When the optic nerve gets inflammed it's called optic neuritis. It can be brought on by in infection (viral) or from an auto immune disease.
Symptoms of optic neuritis includes:
-vision loss
-most experience pain while moving the eye
The first symptom that may occur in about 20 percent of people who are going to get Multiple Sclerosis is optic neuritis.
MRI is the better screening tool to use to diagnose optic neuritis.
Generally optic neuritis resolves itself, but steroids may be used for treatment of the inflamation.
In about two to six months people return to their normal vision.

Images obtained from:
http://www.emedicine.com/oph/topic186.htm

Empty Sellar Syndrome

Empty sellar syndrome is when the pituitary gland, chich sits in the sella turcica has shrunk or has been flattened.
Symptoms of Empty Sellar Syndrome are
-possible elevated prolactin levels
-headache
-vision problems
MRI and CT both can be used as a diagnostic test for Empty Sellar Syndrome.
There are usually no adverse health effects and a normal life expectancy is expected with this disorder.

image from
http://www.gfmer.ch/selected_images_v2/detail_list.php?cat1=23&cat3=208&stype=d

Mastoiditis

Mastoiditis generally results from an infection of the middle ear that moves into the mastoid bone area.
Children get mastoidits more often than adults.
To treat mastoiditis generally antibiotics are given. In some cases surgery will be performed so the mastoid can be drained, although, not common.